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Brassica rapa

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Brassica

bok choi, Chinese cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, choy sum, field mustard, pak choi, pak choy, pok choi, tatsoi, turnip, turnip

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual or biennial herbs 3–10 dm tall, glabrous and glaucous, sometimes sparsely pubescent below.with watery and usually pungent sap.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate or rarely opposite. Basal leaves lyrate–pinnatifid, 10–30 cm long, 2–10 cm wide, upper leaves oblong–lanceolate, usually 3–10 cm long. Base sessile and auriculate-clasping. Margins entire to shallowly dentate. Petioles absent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in usually bractless, in elongate, terminal racemes. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or rarely slightly irregular; showy. Calyx of 4 sepals, ascending or spreading, deciduous, erect, usually oblong, inner ones ± gibbous at base. Corolla of 4 petals, rarely absent, yellow, 6–10 mm long, long–clawed. Stamens (2–4)6(–16), tetradynamous, the inner 4 usually in pairs, sometimes connate at base in pairs; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2(4?)-carpellate, usually 2-celled by means of a false, but usually complete septum, rarely 1-celled, sessile or rarely stipitate; ovules 1 to numerous, borne on parietal placentas on replum margin at periphery of ovary wall, campylotropous or occasionally anatropous; style 1 or occasionally absent; stigma truncate or 2-lobed.

Fruit: Capsules divided into 2 cells by the usually thin and membranous septum; elongate (at least 3 times as long as wide) and referred to as a silique. fruit an elongate; linear silique; often torulose; terete (cylindrical) or 4–angled; with a stout; indehiscent; flat or conical; often 1–seeded beak. Siliques terete (cylindrical); 4–7 cm long; the beak 10–20 mm long. Seeds 1 to numerous; often becoming mucilaginous when wet; endosperm essentially absent. Seeds reddish gray; globose or slightly compressed; 1.5–2 mm in diameter; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy: 2n = 18; 20; 22

Habitat: Naturalized in disturbed habitats; especially pastures.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (250)

Barbarea derchiensis S.S.Ying (1995)
Brassica amplexicaulis Hochst. ex A.Rich. (1847)
Brassica antiquorum H.Lév. (1907)
Brassica arvensis Hablitz (1788)
Brassica asperifolia Lam. (1785)
Brassica asperifolia var. esculenta Gren. & Godr. (1848)
Brassica asperifolia var. oleifera Godr. (1847)
Brassica asperifolia var. sylvestris Lam. (1785)
Brassica brassicata A.Chev. (1919)
Brassica briggsii Varenne (1881)
Brassica campestris L. (1753)
Brassica campestris f. auriculata (DC.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica campestris f. briggsii (Briggs) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica campestris f. oblonga (Mill.) Prain (1898)
Brassica campestris f. pinnata Makino (1932)
Brassica campestris f. tenuis O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica campestris f. trilocularis (Roxb.) Prain (1898)
Brassica campestris proles rapa (L.) Samp.
Brassica campestris stirps oleifera DC. (1821)
Brassica campestris subsp. chinensis (L.) Makino (1912)
Brassica campestris subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) G.Olsson (1954)
Brassica campestris subsp. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) G.Olsson (1954)
Brassica campestris subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) G.Olsson (1954)
Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera (DC.) Sinskaya (1928)
Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) G.Olsson (1954)
Brassica campestris subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) G.Olsson (1954)
Brassica campestris subsp. vulgaris Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica campestris subvar. autumnalis DC. (1821)
Brassica campestris subvar. depressa (DC.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica campestris subvar. oblonga (Mill.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica campestris subvar. praecox DC. (1821)
Brassica campestris subvar. pygmaea Alef. (1866)
Brassica campestris var. afghanica Sinskaya
Brassica campestris var. agrestis Prain (1898)
Brassica campestris var. amplexicaulis Makino (1912)
Brassica campestris var. annua (W.D.J.Koch) Rchb. (1838)
Brassica campestris var. chinensis (L.) N.Busch (1913)
Brassica campestris var. dissecta O.E.Schulz
Brassica campestris var. genuina Čelak. (1875)
Brassica campestris var. glabra Sinskaya
Brassica campestris var. mana Makino (1932)
Brassica campestris var. musifolia Makino (1928)
Brassica campestris var. ohsakana Makino (1932)
Brassica campestris var. orientalis Sinskaya (1928)
Brassica campestris var. osakana Makino (1932)
Brassica campestris var. purpuraria L.H.Bailey (1930)
Brassica campestris var. rapa (L.) C.Hartm. (1854)
Brassica campestris var. rubra Sinskaya
Brassica campestris var. sarson Prain (1898)
Brassica campestris var. setulosa Caruel (1881)
Brassica campestris var. shigatsuna Makino (1932)
Brassica campestris var. sotetsuna Makino (1912)
Brassica campestris var. trilocularis (Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller (1882)
Brassica campestris var. wakana Makino (1932)
Brassica celerifolia (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Y.Z.Lan & T.Y.Cheo (1991)
Brassica chinensis L. (1755)
Brassica chinensis f. aichi M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. chifu M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. hiberna M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. hiroshimana (Makino) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. honsaitai M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. indivisa (Makino) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. komatsuna (Matsum. & Nakai) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. mana (Makino) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. nigra M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. nozawensis M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. osakana (Makino) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. piaoh-tsai (Kitam.) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. taito M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis f. youngtungtsai (Kitam.) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis subf. peking M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis subf. shigatsuna (Makino) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis var. communis Tsen & S.H.Lee
Brassica chinensis var. crispa André (1866)
Brassica chinensis var. dentata (Matsum. & Nakai) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis var. komatsuna Matsum. & Nakai (1916)
Brassica chinensis var. musifolia (Makino) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis var. narinosa (Bailey) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica chinensis var. oleifera Makino & Nemoto (1931)
Brassica chinensis var. rosularis Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica colza H.Lév. (1910)
Brassica cyrenaica Spreng. (1825)
Brassica dubiosa L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica japonica Makino (1908)
Brassica japonica var. indivisa Makino (1916)
Brassica japonica var. isena Makino (1912)
Brassica japonica var. suigikuna Makino (1912)
Brassica juncea var. celerifolia Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica lutea Gilib. (1782)
Brassica mizuna Siebold (1830)
Brassica musifolia (Makino) Makino (1928)
Brassica napella Chaix (1788)
Brassica napus var. chinensis (L.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica napus var. dichotoma (Roxb.) Prain (1898)
Brassica napus var. longirostris Borbás (1878)
Brassica napus var. trilocularis (Roxb.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica narinosa L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica nipposinica L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica nipposinica var. laciniifolia L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica oleracea var. chinensis (L.) Prain (1898)
Brassica oleronensis A.Sav. ex Foucaud (1879)
Brassica parachinensis L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica pe-tsai L.H.Bailey (1894)
Brassica pe-tsai var. dentata Matsum. & Nakai (1916)
Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. (1860)
Brassica pekinensis var. cephalata Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica pekinensis var. cylindrica Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica pekinensis var. hiroshimana Makino (1926)
Brassica pekinensis var. laxa Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica perfoliata Crantz (1769)
Brassica perviridis (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey (1940)
Brassica petsai L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica polymorpha Syme (1863)
Brassica pseudocolza H.Lév. (1910)
Brassica purpuraria (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey (1941)
Brassica rapa convar. cephalata (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos (2010)
Brassica rapa convar. cylindrica (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos (2010)
Brassica rapa convar. europea Shebalina (1985)
Brassica rapa convar. japonica (Shebalina) Gladis & K.Hammer (2014)
Brassica rapa convar. laxa (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos (2010)
Brassica rapa convar. mesopotamica (Shebalina) Gladis & K.Hammer (2014)
Brassica rapa convar. oleifera (DC.) Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa convar. orientalis (Sinskaya) Gladis & K.Hammer (2014)
Brassica rapa convar. parachinensis (L.H.Bailey) G.H.Loos (2010)
Brassica rapa convar. rosularis (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos (2010)
Brassica rapa f. depressa (DC.) Prain (1898)
Brassica rapa f. glabra (Sinskaya) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica rapa f. nagakabu Kitam. (1947)
Brassica rapa stirps depressa DC. (1821)
Brassica rapa stirps oblonga (Mill.) DC. (1821)
Brassica rapa stirps oleifera DC. (1821)
Brassica rapa subf. depressa M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica rapa subf. globosa M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica rapa subf. nagakuba (Kitam.) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica rapa subf. oblonga M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica rapa subsp. afghanica (Sinskaya) Shebalina (1985)
Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A.R.Clapham (1952)
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt (1986)
Brassica rapa subsp. dichotoma (Roxb. ex Fleming) Hanelt (1986)
Brassica rapa subsp. japonica Shebalina (1985)
Brassica rapa subsp. mesopotamica Shebalina (1974)
Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt (1986)
Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Kitam. (1985)
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. (1833)
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Kitam. (1984)
Brassica rapa subsp. sarson (Prain) Denford (1975)
Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris (Lam.) Janch. (1959)
Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt (1986)
Brassica rapa subvar. alba DC. (1821)
Brassica rapa subvar. flavescens DC. (1821)
Brassica rapa subvar. nigricans DC. (1821)
Brassica rapa subvar. pe-tsai (L.H.Bailey) Kitam. (1950)
Brassica rapa subvar. punicea DC. (1821)
Brassica rapa subvar. viridis DC. (1821)
Brassica rapa subvar. youngtungtsai Kitam. (1947)
Brassica rapa var. alborosea Shebalina (1985)
Brassica rapa var. amplexicaulis Yo.Tanaka & Ono (1895)
Brassica rapa var. annua W.D.J.Koch (1836)
Brassica rapa var. arenaria Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. baubryana Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. biennis Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. briggsii Briggs (1880)
Brassica rapa var. campestris (L.) Peterm. (1838)
Brassica rapa var. cephalata (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt (1987)
Brassica rapa var. chinensis (L.) Kitam. (1950)
Brassica rapa var. chloroplax Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. cinerascens Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. communis Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica rapa var. cylindrica (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt (1987)
Brassica rapa var. depressa (DC.) Lej. & Courtois (1831)
Brassica rapa var. dichotoma (Roxb. ex Fleming) Kitam. (1955)
Brassica rapa var. dissecta (O.E.Schulz) Gladis (1992)
Brassica rapa var. dubiosa (L.H.Bailey) Gladis & K.Hammer (2014)
Brassica rapa var. erythroplax Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. frenosiana Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel (1860)
Brassica rapa var. globosa Peterm. (1838)
Brassica rapa var. hybrida Shebalina (1985)
Brassica rapa var. intermedia Shebalina (1985)
Brassica rapa var. jodopyrga Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. laxa (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt (1987)
Brassica rapa var. leptorhiza Spach (1838)
Brassica rapa var. leucoplax Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. leucopyrga Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. lorifolia L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica rapa var. lugdunensis Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. meauxiana Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. media Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. melaina Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. morignyana Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) Kitam. (1950)
Brassica rapa var. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt (1986)
Brassica rapa var. oblonga (Mill.) Lej. & Courtois (1831)
Brassica rapa var. oleifera (DC.) Lej. & Courtois (1831)
Brassica rapa var. oleronensis (A.Sav. ex Foucaud) Sav. (1889)
Brassica rapa var. orientalis (Sinskaya) Gladis & K.Hammer (2014)
Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (Bailey) Hanelt (1987)
Brassica rapa var. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt (1986)
Brassica rapa var. perviridis L.H.Bailey (1930)
Brassica rapa var. piaoh-tsai Kitam. (1947)
Brassica rapa var. purpuraria (L.H.Bailey) Kitam. (1950)
Brassica rapa var. rapa
Brassica rapa var. rosularis (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt (1987)
Brassica rapa var. rubra (Sinskaya) Shebalina (1985)
Brassica rapa var. ruvo (L.H.Bailey) Gladis & K.Hammer (2014)
Brassica rapa var. sarcorhiza Spach (1838)
Brassica rapa var. sarson (Prain) Mehrotra & Aswal (1985)
Brassica rapa var. sativa Mérat (1812)
Brassica rapa var. saulieua Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. septiceps L.H.Bailey (1930)
Brassica rapa var. sinensis Gladis & K.Hammer (2014)
Brassica rapa var. sylvestris Briggs (1880)
Brassica rapa var. teltoviensis Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. typica Posp. (1897)
Brassica rapa var. variegata Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. vilmorinii Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. violascens Shebalina (1985)
Brassica rapa var. xanthocona Alef. (1866)
Brassica rapa var. xanthoplax Alef. (1866)
Brassica ruvo L.H.Bailey (1940)
Brassica saruna Siebold (1830)
Brassica sativa Clavaud (1881)
Brassica sativa subsp. rapa (L.) Bonnier & Layens (1894)
Brassica sativa var. campestris (L.) Clavaud (1881)
Brassica sativa var. rapa (L.) Clavaud (1881)
Brassica septiceps (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey (1940)
Brassica sphaerorhiza Gray (1822)
Brassica sphaerorhiza var. oblonga Gray (1822)
Brassica trilocularis Hook.f. & Thomson (1861)
Brassica trimestris Boenn. (1824)
Brassica tuberosa Salisb. (1796)
Caulanthus sulfureus Payson (1923)
Crucifera rapa E.H.L.Krause (1902)
Napus campestris (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. (1829)
Napus rapa (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. (1829)
Rapa oblonga Mill. (1768)
Raphanus amplexicaulis Viv. (1824)
Raphanus campestris (L.) Crantz (1769)
Raphanus chinensis (L.) Crantz (1769)
Raphanus rapa (L.) Crantz (1769)
Sinapis auriculata DC. (1821)
Sinapis campestris Besser (1809)
Sinapis communis Noronha (1790)
Sinapis dichotoma Roxb. (1810)
Sinapis pekinensis Lour. (1790)
Sinapis pekinensis var. cai-ben Lour. (1790)
Sinapis pekinensis var. pe-tsai Lour. (1790)
Sinapis rapa Brot. (1804)
Sinapis trilocularis Roxb. (1832)
Sinapis tuberosa Poir. (1797)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
Manawai (Pearl & Hermes Atoll) Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 666 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:400 (PH, K, O, Mo, L, H [as B. campestris]); Al-Shehbaz 1985:290/Wagner & Herbst 1995:17 (EM, Syn. B. campestris = B. rapa); Herbarium Pacificum Staff 1998:9 (remove Mo [re-IDed Sinapis arvensis]); Oppenheimer & Bartlett 2002:4 (WM); Staples & Herbst 2005:202 (DESCR); Starr & Martz 1999/Conant 147 BISH (PH†, 1983); Munro 524 BISH (L†, 1930)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Brassica rapa Halemanu, Kauia Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2407 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
2 Brassica rapa Hawaii National Park, Kilauea, Old Volcano House, frequent in grasy areas Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 467 Hawaii BISH 1943-03-15
3 Brassica rapa Kaala, by cable station Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22272 Oahu BISH 1946-11-17
4 Brassica rapa Halemanu, Kauia Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2409 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
5 Brassica rapa Moanalua Valley on O'ahu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-03-18
6 Brassica rapa Oahu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH
7 Brassica rapa Kaneohe, Haiku Villa, cultivated in garden. Preserved_Specimen Imada, P. Oahu BISH 2021-02-09
8 Brassica rapa Kulani Project, S. Hilo District Localized weed on edge of disturbed forest: Metrosideros with Myoporum, Cibotium and Styphelia. Only 150' from road. Preserved_Specimen Herb nearly 3 ft. tall, flowers dark yellow. Davis, J. 447 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-12
9 Brassica rapa Moanalua Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-03-18
10 Brassica rapa Moanalua Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-03-18
11 Brassica rapa Halemanu, Kauia Preserved_Specimen 2394 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
12 Brassica rapa Kamoku Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 267 Lanai BISH 1913-12-20
13 Brassica rapa Northwestern Hawaiian Islands On the west side in sandy soil. Associated species: Lepidium bidentatum. Preserved_Specimen 0.4-0.5 m tall. Conant, S. 147 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1983-04-21
14 Brassica rapa Waialae roadside Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2424 Oahu BISH 1917-02-16
15 Brassica rapa West Maui, Wailuku Distr., Kahakuloa, north of Makamakaole Stream Common roadside weed in recently developed subdivision. Preserved_Specimen Flowers bright yellow. Oppenheimer, H.L. 129905 Maui BISH 1999-12-26
16 Brassica rapa Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Large colony at west central area of the eastern part of the island. No living plants at this time of the year Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6479 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1980-12-07
17 Brassica rapa Honolulu cultivated Preserved_Specimen yellow flower Chung, H.L. 1314 Oahu BISH 1926-02-11
18 Brassica rapa Honolulu area grown at U.S. exp. sta Preserved_Specimen leaf, including petisle, cooked as food Chung, H.L. 1313 Oahu BISH 1926-02-11
19 Brassica rapa unknown Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 197 BISH 1911-06-19
20 Brassica rapa Kulani Project, South Hilo District On edge of disturbed forest: Metrosideros with Myoporum, Cibotium and Styphelia. Only 150' from road. Preserved_Specimen Localized weed. Herb nearly 3 ft. tall, flowers dark yellow. Davis, J. 447 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-12
21 Brassica rapa Clutivated plants grown in Aiea. At home of M. Lee, 98-580 Puqaalii Place Cultivated plants; vegetable garden at the home of M. Lee. Preserved_Specimen Seed-bearing plant ca. 5 feet tall; lf stalks pure white, blades bright green; flws bright yellow, 4-petalled; siliques immature, green. Allowed to set seed for next year's crop. Lee, M. 580 Oahu BISH 1990-03-23
22 Brassica rapa Lihue District; Hwy 51 one-half mile north of junction with Hwy 570. Weed along roadside Preserved_Specimen Erect herb. Leaves dark green with midvein and petiole tinged purple above, below dull, glaucous green; stem pale green; sepals pale green; petals bright yellow; stamens six, four long, exceeding the petals, two short, shorter than petals; flower slightly fragrant, root with turnip odour. Locally common. Flynn, T.W. 3729 Kauai BISH 1990-01-03
23 Brassica rapa Cultivated; Kalaheo, Puu wai road. Grown for edible leaves Preserved_Specimen Petiole white, blade bright green with white veins. Older stem with some purple colouration. Petals bright yellow with whitish base, calyx pale yellowish-green. Flower slightly fragrant. Flynn, T.W. 2891 Oahu BISH 1988-04-05
24 Brassica rapa East Maui, Halimaile Rd growing along the roadside as a weed. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3289 Maui BISH 1991-04-13
25 Brassica rapa Cultivated; Kalaheo, Puu wai road. Grown for edible leaves Preserved_Specimen Petiole white, blade bright green with white veins. Older stem with some purple colouration. Petals bright yellow with whitish base, calyx pale yellowish-green. Flower slightly fragrant. Flynn, T.W. 2891 Oahu BISH 1988-04-05
26 Brassica rapa Kanepuu Preserved_Specimen Wild turnip. Munro, G.C. 524 Lanai BISH 1930-02-03
27 Brassica rapa Kauai Preserved_Specimen Petiole, midrib and veins in blade bright, glossy white to pale green; blade above medium to dark green, below paler; leaves curly. Hume, L. 481 Kauai BISH 1990-02-28
28 Brassica rapa Purchased at Daiei (formely Holiday Mart), Kailua for $1.99 per bag. Originally grown on Big Island Preserved_Specimen Leaves finely dissected, med. green in color. Staples, G.W. 936 Oahu BISH 1994-11-07
29 Brassica rapa Cultivated plants grow in Aiea. Veg. garden at the home of M.Lee, 98-580 Puaalii Place Preserved_Specimen Seed bearing plant ca. 5 ft. tall; If stalkd pure white, blades bright green; fles bright yellow, 4-petalled; siliques immature, green. Allowed to set seed for next year's crop. Lee, M. 580 Oahu BISH 1990-03-23
30 Brassica rapa Honolulu, 42 Coelho Way Preserved_Specimen Head cabbage with rough, dark-green leaves, very palatable rea or cooked; roughness disappears on cooking. In fl. Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1942-06-14
31 Brassica rapa Halemanu, Kauia Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2408 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
32 Brassica rapa Honolulu, Chinatown; purchased in Maunakea marketplace Preserved_Specimen Peti pure white, blade deep green. Staples, G.W. Oahu BISH 1994-12-10
33 Brassica rapa Honolulu, 42 Coelho Way Preserved_Specimen Head cabbage with rough, dark-green leaves, very palatable rea or cooked; roughness disappears on cooking. In fl. Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1942-06-14
34 Brassica rapa Koele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 20 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
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